Alabastron and the New Testament

A mini Alabastron bottle. Note its unique semi-translucent material. © Danny Herman

The alabastron holds a fascinating place in ancient Mediterranean culture, with appearances in contexts ranging from daily cosmetic use to sacred ceremonies, and even scripture.

The alabastron was a specialized vessel type in the ancient world, originally crafted from translucent alabaster stone specifically for storing precious perfumes and ointments. Its distinctive design featured a long, cylindrical body with a narrow neck and small handles or lugs on the sides. The choice of alabaster was deliberate – this material was ideal for preserving aromatic substances as it helped prevent evaporation and maintained the fragrance. These vessels typically stood about 15-20 cm tall and were considered luxury items themselves, appropriate for the valuable contents they held. Archaeological findings from the first century CE have confirmed both their prevalence and their design specifications, at times replicated by artisans in clay or glass.

References to Alabastrons in the New Testament

The alabastron appears in a few pivotal New Testament scenes, notably when Jesus is anointed with precious perfume (Matthew 26:7, Mark 14:3, Luke 7:37). In these accounts, women bring alabastron vessels containing extremely valuable fragrances – in Mark 14:5, the contents is valued at 300 denarii, nearly a year’s wages. John 12 indicates the volume of spice was about 300 grams.

The use of an alabastron in this context underscores both the preciousness of the contents, the container, and the ceremonial significance of the act.

Were all Alabastrons made of Alabaster?

Clay and Glass Alabastrons from First-Century Judea. (c) Zak Antiquities.

While the term “alabastron” suggests vessels made of alabaster stone, archaeological evidence reveals that many were actually crafted from clay or glass in the first century CE. This insight provides context for the New Testament account in Mark 14:3, where a woman breaks an alabastron containing precious nard to anoint Jesus. Breaking a clay or glass vessel would have been far more practical than shattering one made of solid alabaster.

Glass and Clay versions were particularly useful as they could be completely sealed to preserve expensive perfumes. The name “alabastron” persisted even as craftsmen adapted these traditional Egyptian designs to new materials. This understanding not only makes the biblical account more practically comprehensible but also highlights how ancient craftsmen adapted traditional designs to new materials while maintaining the original terminology.

Buying an Ancient Alabastron

Ancient alabastra can be purchased in Israel through licensed antiquities dealers and local auction houses. Prices vary from several hundreds dollars to tens of thousands depending on material, condition, and provenance. Always verify proper documentation and ownership history to ensure legal compliance and authentic origins. Consult specialists before purchasing.