Nestled within the winding alleyways of Jerusalem’s Old City, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is arguably the holiest landmark for Christians worldwide. For centuries, the Christian world has reversed this as the site of the crucifixion, burial, and resurrection of Jesus. Dating back to the 4th century, the church is a captivating fusion of history, devotion, and profound religious significance.

History of the Holy Sepulchre

The Gospels indicate that the Tomb of Jesus was in a garden outside the city. The Roman conquest of Jerusalem in 70 AD led to the dispersion of the early Christians, and the location of the tomb of Jesus may have been forgotten. However, in the early 4th century, Empress Helena Augusta’s visit to Jerusalem confirmed the tomb’s authenticity. This resulted in the construction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, in 335 AD. In the 11th century, Muslim authorities attempted to convert part of it into a mosque, triggering the Crusades. The Crusaders renewed the church, yet various renovations followed, including restoration after a fire in 1808 and an earthquake in 1927. Presently, the maintenance is shared among six Christian denominations.

Touring the Holy Sepulchre

For many Christians, a visit to the Holy Sepulchre is the culmination of their pilgrimage to the Holy Land.  The church is also known for its daily processions, preserving centuries-old liturgies of different Christian communities. Its key landmarks are:

The Hill of Crucifixion – Often referred to as Skull Hill or Golgotha, the site features a natural rock with an indentation in its center, marking the place of the Cross.

The Tomb of Jesus is a small, two-chambered tomb that reflects the typical style of Jewish burial chambers in antiquity. The site’s confined space and historical weight create an atmosphere of reverence and devotion.

The Stone of Unction – Positioned between Golgotha and the Tomb, it’s believed to be where the family anointed and wrapped Jesus’ body in linen before his burial (Jon 19:40).

The Tomb of Joseph of Arimathea – Hidden in a chapel, this burial cave dates back to Jesus’ time. It is associated with Joseph of Arimathea, who offered his tomb for Jesus’ burial (Matthew 27:60).

The Chapel of the Finding of the Cross – An underground cave where Empress Helena Augusta reportedly discovered fragments of the True Cross.

A tour of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre can be combined in a guided day tour of Jerusalem.